Financial Glossary
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1%/10 net 30
- A way of providing cash discounts on purchases. It means that if the bill is paid within 10 days, there is a 1% discount. Otherwise, the total amount is due within 30 days.
For example, if "$1000 1/10 net 30" is written on a bill, the buyer can take a 1% discount ($1000 x .01 = $10) and make a payment of $990 within 10 days, or pay the entire $1000 within 30 days.
- A way of providing cash discounts on purchases. It means that if the bill is paid within 10 days, there is a 1% discount. Otherwise, the total amount is due within 30 days.
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10-K
- A comprehensive summary report of a company's performance that must be submitted annually to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Typically, the 10-K contains much more detail than the annual report. It includes information such as company history, organizational structure, equity, holdings, earnings per share, subsidiaries, etc.
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10-K Wrap
- A summary report of a company's annual performance that bundles the 10-K report required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with additional commentary from the company, covering such things as the corporate vision, letter to shareholders and business overview among other topics. The 10-K wrap is often released instead of a traditional annual report and generally contains fewer images and comments from management.
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10-Year Treasury Note
- A debt obligation issued by the U.S. Treasury that has a term of more than one year, but not more than 10 years.
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100% Equities Strategy
- An investment strategy for an individual portfolio or pooled funds vehicle such as a mutual fund. Only equity securities are considered for investment, whether they be listed stocks, over-the-counter stocks, or private equity shares. A mutual fund or ETF will often state a "100% equities strategy" in its prospectus to inform potential investors of the fund's overall risk profile.
- An investment strategy for an individual portfolio or pooled funds vehicle such as a mutual fund. Only equity securities are considered for investment, whether they be listed stocks, over-the-counter stocks, or private equity shares. A mutual fund or ETF will often state a "100% equities strategy" in its prospectus to inform potential investors of the fund's overall risk profile.
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100% Mortgage
- A mortgage loan in which the borrower receives a loan amount equivalent to the total value of the property to be purchased. In this situation, the borrower does not need to make a down payment to secure the loan.
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1040 Form
- The standard Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form that individuals use to file their annual income tax returns. The form contains sections that require taxpayers to disclose their financial income status for the year in order to ascertain whether additional taxes are owed or whether the taxpayer is due for a tax refund. 1040 forms need to be filed with the IRS by April 15.
Also known as the "U.S. individual income tax return" or the "long form".
- The standard Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form that individuals use to file their annual income tax returns. The form contains sections that require taxpayers to disclose their financial income status for the year in order to ascertain whether additional taxes are owed or whether the taxpayer is due for a tax refund. 1040 forms need to be filed with the IRS by April 15.
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1040A Form
- A simplified version of the 1040 form for individual income tax. To be eligible to use a 1040A form, an individual must fulfill certain requirements such as not itemizing deductions, not owning a business and having a taxable income of less than $100,000.
Unofficially known as the "short form".
- A simplified version of the 1040 form for individual income tax. To be eligible to use a 1040A form, an individual must fulfill certain requirements such as not itemizing deductions, not owning a business and having a taxable income of less than $100,000.
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1040EZ Form
- The 1040EZ is an alternative to the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) 1040 income tax form and offers a faster and easier way to file taxes, meant for taxpayers with rudimentary tax situations. In order to be eligible to use this form, the individual must have a taxable income of less than $100,000, interest income of $1,500 or less, possess no dependents and fulfill other requirements set by the IRS.
Also known as "income tax return for single and joint filers with no dependents" and unofficially as the "easy form".
- The 1040EZ is an alternative to the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) 1040 income tax form and offers a faster and easier way to file taxes, meant for taxpayers with rudimentary tax situations. In order to be eligible to use this form, the individual must have a taxable income of less than $100,000, interest income of $1,500 or less, possess no dependents and fulfill other requirements set by the IRS.
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1040PC Form
- An income tax return that is prepared by computer in a three column "answer-sheet" format. It only prints the bottom line number, dollar amount, and, for most entries, a brief description called a "legend page."
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11th District Cost of Funds Index - COFI
- A monthly weighted average of the interest rates paid on checking and savings accounts offered by financial institutions operating in the states of Arizona, California and Nevada. Published on the last day of each month, the COFI represents the cost of funds for western American financial institutions.
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125% Loan
- A loan, usually a mortgage, with an initial loan amount equal to 125% of the initial property value. In other words, a 125% loan has a loan-to-value ratio (LTV ratio) of 125%.
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12B-1 Fee
- An annual marketing or distribution fee on a mutual fund. The 12b-1 fee is considered an operational expense and, as such, is included in a fund's expense ratio. It is generally between 0.25-1% (the maximum allowed) of a fund's net assets. The fee gets its name from a section in the Investment Company Act of 1940.
- An annual marketing or distribution fee on a mutual fund. The 12b-1 fee is considered an operational expense and, as such, is included in a fund's expense ratio. It is generally between 0.25-1% (the maximum allowed) of a fund's net assets. The fee gets its name from a section in the Investment Company Act of 1940.
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12B-1 Fund
- A type of mutual fund that charges its holders 12B-1 fees instead of up-front or back-end commissions. 12B-1 funds take a portion of assets held and use them to pay expense fees and distribution costs. These costs are included in the fund's expense ratio and are described in the prospectus.
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12B-1 Plan
- A no-load mutual fund that is allowed to use fund assets to pay for its distribution costs. The 12B-1 plan mutual fund is an alternative to paying the sales fees encountered in loaded funds. By charging an annual percentage based on the current value of the investment on an annual basis, investors avoid paying a front-end or back-end load when purchasing or redeeming the fund.
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130-30 Strategy
- A strategy that uses financial leverage by shorting poor performing stocks and purchasing shares that are expected to have high returns. A 130-30 ratio implies shorting stocks up to 30% of the portfolio value and then using the funds to take a long position in the stocks the investor feels will outperform the market. Often, investors will mimic an index such as the S&P 500 when choosing stocks for this strategy.
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130/30 Mutual Fund
- A mutual fund that has long positions and short positions in its portfolio. Specifically, in a 130/30 mutual fund, the fund is long 100% of its assets, and in addition it shorts 30% of the value portfolio and uses the cash received in the short sale to invest long in more assets. So in total, the fund is 130% in the long portfolio and 30% in the short portfolio, hence 130/30.
- A mutual fund that has long positions and short positions in its portfolio. Specifically, in a 130/30 mutual fund, the fund is long 100% of its assets, and in addition it shorts 30% of the value portfolio and uses the cash received in the short sale to invest long in more assets. So in total, the fund is 130% in the long portfolio and 30% in the short portfolio, hence 130/30.
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19c3 Stock
- Any stock listed on an equity exchange after April 26, 1979. This classification allowed members of exchanges to trade these stocks off the board (not at the exchange). The classification of a 19c3 stock refers to SEC rule 19c3 (the regulation that allowed off-board transactions to be made).
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2-1 Buydown
- A type of mortgage with a set of two initial temporary-start interest rates that increase in stair-step fashion until a permanent interest rate is reached. The initial interest rate reductions are either paid for by the borrower in order to help them qualify for a mortgage, or might be paid for by a builder as incentive to purchase a home.
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2/28 Adjustable-Rate Mortgage - 2/28 ARM
- A type of adjustable-rate mortgage that has a two-year fixed interest rate period after which the interest rate on the mortgage begins to float based on an index plus a margin. The index plus the margin in known as the fully indexed interest rate. Often, a 2/28 ARM is designed as a short-term financing vehicle that provides borrowers with time to repair their credit before they refinance into a mortgage with more favorable terms.
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3-2-1 Buydown
- A type of mortgage with a series of three initial temporary-start interest rates that increase in a stair-step fashion until a permanent interest rate is reached. Lenders will charge for the temporary interest rate reductions.
A 3-2-1 buydown is sometimes used as a method to help a borrower with excess cash (but a relatively low income) to qualify for a mortgage. Or, a 3-2-1 buydown mortgage might be offered by a builder as incentive to purchase a home.
- A type of mortgage with a series of three initial temporary-start interest rates that increase in a stair-step fashion until a permanent interest rate is reached. Lenders will charge for the temporary interest rate reductions.
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3-6-3 Rule
- Slang used to refer to an "unofficial rule" under which the banking industry once operated, which alludes to it being noncompetitive and simplistic.
The 3-6-3 rule describes how bankers would give 3% interest on depositors' accounts, lend the depositors money at 6% interest and then be playing golf at 3pm. This alludes to how a bank's only form of business is lending out money at a higher rate than what it is paying out to its depositors.
- Slang used to refer to an "unofficial rule" under which the banking industry once operated, which alludes to it being noncompetitive and simplistic.
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3/27 Adjustable-Rate Mortgage - 3/27 ARM
- A type of adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) frequently offered to subprime borrowers. These mortgages are designed as short-term financing vehicles that give borrowers time to repair their credit until they are able to refinance into a mortgage with more favorable terms.
3/27 mortgages have a three-year fixed-interest-rate period after which the interest rate begins to float based on an index plus a margin (known as the fully indexed interest rate). There is a high probability that the fully indexed interest rate will be substantially higher than the initial three-year fixed interest rate; therefore, to avoid payment shock, the intent of 3/27 mortgage borrowers is to be able to refinance the mortgage before the interest rate begins to adjust.
- A type of adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) frequently offered to subprime borrowers. These mortgages are designed as short-term financing vehicles that give borrowers time to repair their credit until they are able to refinance into a mortgage with more favorable terms.
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30-Year Treasury
- A U.S. Treasury debt obligation that has a maturity of 30 years. The 30-year Treasury used to be the bellwether U.S. bond but now most consider the 10-year Treasury to be the benchmark.
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3C1
- A portion of the Investment Company Act of 1940 that permits the exclusion of investment companies from standard registration requirements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) if they have fewer than 100 U.S. investors.
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3C7
- A portion of the Investment Company Act of 1940 that permits the exclusion of investment companies from standard registration requirements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) if all U.S. investors are considered to be "qualified purchasers" or "accredited investors."
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401(a) Plan
- A money purchase retirement savings plan that is set up and contributed to by an employer. The 401(a) plan allows for contributions by the employee, the employer, or both. Contribution amounts, whether dollar based or percentage based, eligibility and vesting schedule, are all determined by the sponsoring employer.
Funds are withdrawn from a 401(a) plan through lump-sum payment, rollovers to another qualified plan, or through an annuity.
- A money purchase retirement savings plan that is set up and contributed to by an employer. The 401(a) plan allows for contributions by the employee, the employer, or both. Contribution amounts, whether dollar based or percentage based, eligibility and vesting schedule, are all determined by the sponsoring employer.
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401(k) Plan
- A qualified plan established by employers to which eligible employees may make salary deferral (salary reduction) contributions on a post-tax and/or pretax basis. Employers offering a 401(k) plan may make matching or non-elective contributions to the plan on behalf of eligible employees and may also add a profit-sharing feature to the plan. Earnings accrue on a tax-deferred basis.
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403(b) Plan
- A 403(b) plan, also known as a tax-sheltered annuity (TSA) plan, is a retirement plan for certain employees of public schools, employees of certain tax-exempt organizations and certain ministers. Individual accounts in a 403(b) plan can be any of the following types:
- An annuity contract, which is provided through an insurance company.
- A custodial account, which is invested in mutual funds.
- A retirement income account set up for church employees.
Generally, retirement income accounts can invest in either annuities or mutual funds.
- A 403(b) plan, also known as a tax-sheltered annuity (TSA) plan, is a retirement plan for certain employees of public schools, employees of certain tax-exempt organizations and certain ministers. Individual accounts in a 403(b) plan can be any of the following types:
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408(k) Plan
- A plan set up by an employer to help employees fund their retirement. The 408(k) plan is a simplified version of the popular 401(k) plan but is intended for smaller companies (those with fewer than 25 employees). It is also available to self-employed individuals. Under the plan, employees can contribute pretax dollars to the account and thus reduce their net incomes for the year. This results in a tax savings for the contributor.
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412(i) Plan
- A defined-benefit pension plan designed for small business owners in the United States. This is a tax-qualified benefit plan, so any amount that the owner contributes to the plan becomes available immediately as a tax deduction to the company. The plan must be funded solely by guaranteed annuities, or a combination of annuities and life insurance.
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419(e) Welfare Benefit Plans
- A type of employer-sponsored employee welfare benefit plan. 419(e) welfare benefit plans qualify under paragraph (e) of Section 419 of the Internal Revenue Code. They provide a range of benefits to employees, such as life, health, disability, long-term care and post-retirement medical. These plans can be either target contribution or target benefit in design, and are intended to provide additional financial stability for employees during their retirement years.
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457 Plan
- A non-qualified, deferred compensation plan established by state and local governments and tax-exempt governments and tax-exempt employers. Eligible employees are allowed to make salary deferral contributions to the 457 plan. Earnings grow on a tax-deferred basis and contributions are not taxed until the assets are distributed from the plan.
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5-1 Hybrid Adjustable-Rate Mortgage - 5-1 Hybrid ARM
- An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) with an initial five-year fixed-interest rate. After this initial five-year period, the interest rate begins to adjust on an annual basis according to an index plus a margin (or, the fully indexed interest rate). The speed and the extent to which the fully indexed interest rate can adjust are usually limited by an interest rate cap structure. There are several different indexes that the fully indexed interest rate might be tied to. While the index is variable, the margin is fixed for the life of the loan.
Also known as a "five-year fixed-period ARM".
- An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) with an initial five-year fixed-interest rate. After this initial five-year period, the interest rate begins to adjust on an annual basis according to an index plus a margin (or, the fully indexed interest rate). The speed and the extent to which the fully indexed interest rate can adjust are usually limited by an interest rate cap structure. There are several different indexes that the fully indexed interest rate might be tied to. While the index is variable, the margin is fixed for the life of the loan.
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5-6 Hybrid Adjustable-Rate Mortgage - 5-6 Hybrid ARM
- An adjustable-rate mortgage with an initial five year fixed interest rate after which the interest rate begins to adjust every six months according to an index plus a margin (or, the fully indexed interest rate). The index is variable while the margin is fixed for the life of the loan. 5-6 ARMs are usually tied to the six-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) index. .
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501(c)
- A subsection under the United States Internal Revenue Code. The subsection relates to non-profit organizations and tax law and identifies which nonprofit organizations are exempt from paying federal income tax
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52-Week High/Low
- The highest and lowest price at which a stock has traded in the past 12 months, or 52 weeks.
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529 Plan
- A plan that allows for the prepayment of qualified higher education expenses at eligible educational institutions.
Also known as a "qualified tuition program", or more fully as a "section 529 plan".
- A plan that allows for the prepayment of qualified higher education expenses at eligible educational institutions.
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60-Plus Delinquencies
- Home loans that are more than 60 days past due on their monthly mortgage payments. 60-plus delinquency rates are typically expressed as a percentage of a group of loans written within a specified time period, such as a given calendar year. Another common grouping method are the interest rates for the pool of loans that make up a mortgage-backed security (MBS) or other securitized mortgage product.
60-plus delinquencies are less than 90 days past due, and have not yet entered the foreclosure process - loan in the latter status are expressed separately. The 60-plus rate may be split into one for prime loans and subprime loans. The 60-plus rate on subprime loans can be expected to be higher than for prime. Also, 60-Plus rates are often published separately for fixed-rate versus adjustable-rate loans.
- Home loans that are more than 60 days past due on their monthly mortgage payments. 60-plus delinquency rates are typically expressed as a percentage of a group of loans written within a specified time period, such as a given calendar year. Another common grouping method are the interest rates for the pool of loans that make up a mortgage-backed security (MBS) or other securitized mortgage product.
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8-K
- A report of unscheduled material events or corporate changes at a company that could be of importance to the shareholders or the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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80-10-10 Mortgage
- A mortgage transaction in which a first and second mortgage are simultaneously originated. The first position lien has an 80% loan-to-value ratio, the second position lien has a 10% loan-to-value ratio and the borrower makes a 10% down payment. 80-10-10 mortgage transactions are piggy-back mortgage transactions, and are frequently used by borrowers to avoid paying private mortgage insurance.
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90-Day Letter
- An IRS notice sent after an audit stating that there was a discrepancy or error within an individuals taxes and they will be assessed unless petitioned.
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